In Western Europe, China, and Japan wood and charcoal was the major industrial fuels. During the Industrial Revolution fossil fuels such as coil, oil, and natural gas replaced energy sources such as wind, water, wood, and the muscle power of people and animals. Because of the massive extraction of nonrenewable raw materials to fuel industrial machinery it altered the landscape. Industrial waste was emptied into rivers turning the rivers poisonous. Smoke from the coal-fired industries polluted the air in urban areas and increased respiratory illness. Industrial Revolution marked a new era in both human history and the history of the planet.
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